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1 giorno fa · For centuries, there was an alliance between the France and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth: the longest-reigning queen consort of France has been a Pole, Marie Leszczyńska. Many Poles settled in France after the rule of Napoleon and the collapse of the Duchy of Warsaw , when 100,000 Poles, largely political refugees, fled the Russians and Prussians, who took over Poland.
1 giorno fa · Kievan Rus', [a] [b] also known as Kyivan Rus ', [c] [7] [8] was a state and later an amalgam of principalities [9] in Eastern and Northern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century. [10] The name was coined by Russian historians in the 19th century. Encompassing a variety of polities and peoples, including East Slavic, Norse, [11] [12 ...
1 giorno fa · Częstochowa prospered in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, due to efforts of Sigismund I the Old, the future king of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At that time, Sigismund ruled the Duchy of Głogów , and frequently visited Częstochowa on his way to the Duchies of Silesia (1498, 1502, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1505, 1506).
