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The conflict between Guelphs and Ghibellines arose from the political divisions caused by the Investiture Controversy, about whether secular rulers or the pope had the authority to appoint bishops and abbots.
Guelfi e ghibellini erano le due fazioni contrapposte nella politica italiana del Basso Medioevo, in particolare dal XII secolo sino alla nascita delle Signorie nel XIV secolo . Indice. 1 Origine dei nomi. 1.1 Guelfi. 1.2 Ghibellini. 2 Contesto storico. 3 Storia. 3.1 Il primo conflitto tra l'Impero e i comuni.
During the struggles between the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II (reigned 1220–50) and the popes, the Italian parties took on their characteristic names of Guelf and Ghibelline (beginning in Florence) and contributed to intensifying antagonisms within and among the Italian cities.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Battle of Montaperti was fought on 4 September 1260 between Florence and Siena in Tuscany as part of the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. The Florentines were routed. It was the bloodiest battle fought in Medieval Italy, with more than 10,000 fatalities.
The Battle of Campaldino secured Guelph dominance in Florence, though internecine fighting among the Whites and Blacks among the Florentine Guelphs resulted in civic disturbances and the exile of many, including Dante (a member of the Whites, the faction more opposed to papal power).
- 11 June 1289
- Decisive Guelph victory
- Campaldino, Tuscanypresent-day Italy
The split between the Guelphs, who sided with the papacy, and the Ghibellines, who were sympathetic to the Holy Roman emperors, contributed to chronic strife in the cities of northern Italy in the 13th–14th century, reflected in Dante’s Divine Comedy.
18 mag 2018 · Guelphs and Ghibellines (gwĕlfs, gĬb´əlēnz, –lĬnz), opposing political factions in Germany and in Italy during the later Middle Ages [1].
