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The hands of six individual scribes can be discerned in the collection, four of these dating from the early fifteenth century. The first hand - that of Ywain and Gawain and The Seven Sages of Rome - is a clear Anglicana Formata and the text is in a Northern dialect.
Ywain appears in several Arthurian works, as early as the sixth-century Book of Taliesin, which contains three panegyrics to him. He is best known, of course, in Chrétien's Yvain , but can also be found in the comic thirteenth-century Welsh Dream of Rhonabwy , where he and Arthur play at chess.
Ywain and Gawain is an early-14th century Middle English Arthurian verse romance based quite closely upon the late-12th-century Old French romance The Knight of the Lion by Chrétien de Troyes.
When Ywain arrives, both he and Gawain conceal their identity. The onlookers marvel at the unknown knights’ skills, but when they finally recognise one-another, Ywain and Gawain abandon the fight and place the case in the delighted Arthur’s judgement. Ywain sets out to find Alundyne.
In the original twelfth century version of the story by Chrétien de Troyes, Sir Yvain asks the lord and his family if they will travel to King Arthur's court to inform Sir Gawain of this rescue. 'But who shall we say has rescued us?' they ask.
Ywain and Gawain appears to be the quintessential romance, with its magic fountains, potions and rings, dueling and questing knights, damsels in distress, chivalry galore, giants, beasts and wildmen.
Gawain, his cousin, goes with him, and the bulk of the time he serves as Gawain's foil before participating in his own adventure involving the knights of the Red Castle. Other than in this tale, Ywain is mentioned in a scattering of passages, with at most a hundred lines dedicated to his character.
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