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In European history, the 11th century is regarded as the beginning of the High Middle Ages, an age subsequent to the Early Middle Ages. The century began while the translatio imperii of 962 was still somewhat novel and ended in the midst of the Investiture Controversy.
This chapter explores how some major developments within western Europe initially created a new internal stability and new institutions, which ultimately laid the foundations for a renewal of expansion beyond its boundaries by the 11th century.
21 feb 2022 · The 11th century saw Viking invasions, conquests in England, and a major shift of power in Europe. Its most distinguishing legacy, however, is that of Europe’s religious struggles, culminating in the Investiture Controversy and the Great Schism.
29 giu 2023 · The 11th century in Europe witnessed power shifts, Byzantine decline, Norman conquests, and a schism in Christendom, shaping the High Middle Ages.
In the eleventh century the climate was improving, population was growing, and people were on the move, west from central Asia, and south from north-western Europe. In 1054 the unity of Christianity between east and west was broken, a rift which lasted for centuries. In 1096 the idea of recovering Jerusalem from Muslims was translated into action.
A central theme of the eleventh century (the 1000s) in Europe was the struggle between church and state, or between popes and kings. From the mid-800s to the early eleventh century, a series of corrupt popes succeeded in nearly destroying the reputation of the papacy, just as emperors such as Otto the Great were enhancing their own power.
In order to understand how the First Crusade began, it is important to learn about the major political powers in Europe and the Middle East during the 11th century. These empires wielded considerable influence over the region and competed for control of territory and resources.
