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  1. Portrait by Philip de László, 1929. He was born as His Sultanic Highness Farouk bin Fuad, Hereditary Prince of Egypt and Sudan, on 11 February 1920 (Jumada al-Awwal 21, 1338 A.H.) at Abdeen Palace, Cairo, the eldest child of Sultan Fuad I (later King Fuad I) and his second wife, Nazli Sabri.

  2. Ambassadors. 1936–1946: Sir Miles Lampson. 1946–1950: Sir Ronald Ian Campbell. 1950–1955: Sir Ralph Stevenson. 1955–1956: Sir Humphrey Trevelyan. 1956–1959: Break in relations due to Suez Crisis. 1959–1961: Sir Colin Crowe ( Chargé d'affaires) 1961–1964: Sir Harold Beeley. 1964–1965: Sir George Humphrey Middleton.

  3. The Old Kingdom is the name for Egypt during the 3rd millennium BC when the civilization of Egypt had its first peak. It was the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods, which mark the high points of civilization in the lower Nile Valley (the others being Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom of Egypt ). Old Kingdom was the best by the Third ...

  4. v. t. e. The Mamluk Sultanate ( Arabic: سلطنة المماليك, romanized : Salṭanat al-Mamālīk ), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries. It was ruled by a military caste of mamluks (freed slave soldiers) headed by a sultan.

  5. From the 1850s until the 1930s, Egypt's economy was heavily reliant on long-staple cotton, introduced in the mid-1820s during the reign of Muhammad Ali (1805–49) and made possible by the switch from basin irrigation to perennial, modern irrigation. [22] Cotton cultivation was a key ingredient in an ambitious program that the Egyptian ruler ...

  6. After the reunification of Egypt in the Middle Kingdom, the kings of the Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties were able to return their focus to art. In the Eleventh Dynasty, the king's monuments were made in a style influenced by the Memphite models of the Fifth and early Sixth Dynasties and the pre-unification Theban relief style all but disappeared.

  7. Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Aksum ( Ge'ez: አክሱም, romanized: ʾÄksum; Sabaean: 𐩱𐩫𐩪𐩣, ʾkšm; Ancient Greek: Ἀξωμίτης, romanized : Aksōmítēs) also known as the Kingdom of Axum, or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom in East Africa and South Arabia from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages. Based in what is now ...