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1 giorno fa · In the Standard Model of particle physics, photons and other elementary particles are described as a necessary consequence of physical laws having a certain symmetry at every point in spacetime. The intrinsic properties of particles, such as charge , mass , and spin , are determined by gauge symmetry .
4 giorni fa · According to elementary quantum mechanics, an electron in an atom or crystal can only have certain precise energy levels; energies between these levels are impossible. When a large number of such allowed levels have close-spaced energy values – i.e. have energies that differ only minutely – those close energy levels in combination are called an "energy band".
1 giorno fa · ℓ = 0, 1, 2,..., n − 1. A quantum number beginning in n = 3, ℓ = 0, describes an electron in the s orbital of the third electron shell of an atom. In chemistry, this quantum number is very important, since it specifies the shape of an atomic orbital and strongly influences chemical bonds and bond angles.
4 giorni fa · In particle physics, a magnetic monopole is a hypothetical elementary particle that is an isolated magnet with only one magnetic pole (a north pole without a south pole or vice versa). [1] [2] A magnetic monopole would have a net north or south "magnetic charge". Modern interest in the concept stems from particle theories, notably the grand ...
1 giorno fa · In theoretical physics, quantum field theory ( QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. [1] : xi QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles.
1 giorno fa · Electric charge. The total electric charge of the neutron is 0 e. This zero value has been tested experimentally, and the present experimental limit for the charge of the neutron is −2(8) × 10 −22 e, or −3(13) × 10 −41 C. This value is consistent with zero, given the experimental uncertainties (indicated in parentheses).
1 giorno fa · Elementary bosons Integer spinObey the Bose–Einstein statistics Quarks and antiquarks Spin = 1 / 2 Have color charge Participate in strong interactions and electroweak interactions Leptons and antileptons Spin = 1 / 2 No color charge Electroweak interactions
