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The American Indian Wars, also known as the American Frontier Wars, and the Indian Wars, was a conflict initially fought by European colonial empires, and later on by the Confederate States of America, Republic of Texas, Mexico and the United States of America against various American Indian tribes in North America.
- Colonial Period Indian Wars
- King Philip’s War
- Queen Anne's War
- French and Indian War
- Early American Indian Wars
- Nineteenth-Century Wars
- Seminole Wars
- Sand Creek Massacre
- Battle of The Little Bighorn
- Wounded Knee
On March 22, 1622, Powhatan Indians attacked and killed colonists in eastern Virginia. Known as the Jamestown Massacre, the bloodbath gave the English government an excuse to justify their efforts to attack Native Americans and confiscate their land. In 1636, the Pequot War over trade expansion broke out between Pequot Indians and English settlers ...
King Philip’s War (1675-1676), also known as Metacom’s War, began after bands of Indians led by Wampanoag Chief Metacom (later called King Philip) grew frustrated with their dependence on the Puritans and attacked colonies and militia strongholds throughout Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The attacks ignited a series of battles for power along the ...
Queen Anne’s War of 1702-1713 occurred between French and English colonists and their respective Indian allies on several fronts including Spanish Florida, New England, Newfoundland and Acadia. The war ended with the Treaty of Utrecht, but the Indians were not included in peace negotiations and lost much of their land. During the Tuscarora War (171...
As France expanded into the Ohio River Valley from 1754 to 1763, it fought with Britain for control of North America. Both sides forged alliances with Indians to help fight their battles. Known as the French and Indian War, the struggle ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763. In 1763, Pontiac Indians of the Ohio River became incensed...
Indians had to choose sides or try to stay neutral when the American Revolution broke out. Many tribes such as the Iroquois, Shawnee, Cherokee and Creek fought with British loyalists. Others, including the Potawatomi and the Delaware, sided with American patriots. But no matter which side they fought on, Native Americans were negatively impacted. T...
At the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, Shawnee Chief Tecumseh formed a coalition to slow the flow of settlers into Illinois and Indiana. Territorial Governor William Henry Harrisonled a force of soldiers and militia to destroy the Shawnee’s village but agreed to a temporary cease-fire. Tecumseh’s brother, “The Prophet,” ignored the cease-fire and att...
In the First Seminole War (1816-1818), the Seminoles, assisted by runaway slaves, defended Spanish Florida against the U.S. Army. In the Second Seminole War (1835-1842), the Indians fought to retain their land in the Florida Everglades but were almost wiped out. The Third Seminole War (1855-1858) was the Seminole’s last stand. After being outgunned...
The Sand Creek Massacreof 1864 occurred after about 750 peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho led by Chief Black Kettle were forced to abandon their winter campsite near Fort Lyon in southeastern Colorado. When they set up camp at Sand Creek, volunteer Colorado soldiers attacked, scattering them while slaughtering 148 men, women and children. Red Cloud’s W...
At the Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876, General George Armstrong Custerled 600 men into the Little Bighorn Valley, where they were overwhelmed by approximately 3,000 Sioux and Cheyenne warriors led by Crazy Horse. Custer and his men were all killed in the battle, known as Custer’s Last Stand. Despite the decisive Indian victory, the U...
In the late nineteenth century, Indian “Ghost Dancers” believed a specific dance ritual would reunite them with the dead and bring peace and prosperity. On December 29, 1890, the U.S. Army surrounded a group of Ghost Dancers at Wounded KneeCreek near the Pine Ridge reservation of South Dakota. During the ensuing Wounded Knee Massacre, fierce fighti...
- Missy Sullivan
- 3 min
19 ott 2021 · Known as the American Indian Wars, the conflicts involved Indigenous people, the English, French, Spanish and U.S. Army and ended with massive Native American population and tribal land losses...
- Missy Sullivan
- 3 min
The American Indian Wars were numerous armed conflicts fought by governments and colonists of European descent, and later by the United States federal government and American settlers, against various indigenous peoples within the territory that is now the United States.
ConflictCombatant 1Combatant 2Navajo Wars ( c. 1600–1866)Crown of Castile (c. 1600–1716) Spain ...Anglo-Powhatan Wars (1610–46)English colonistsPowhatan ConfederacyMassachusetts Bay Colony Plymouth Colony ...Beaver Wars (1642–98)Iroquois England Dutch RepublicHuron Erie Neutral Odawa Ojibwe ...The Indian Wars comprised a series of smaller battles and military campaigns. American Indians, diverse peoples with their own distinct tribal histories, were no more a single people than the Europeans.
The Indian Wars were a protracted series of conflicts between Native American Indians and white settlers over land and natural resources in the West.
1 feb 2013 · The Indian Wars were finally won with the combination of simplified objectives, ruthless prosecution by both military and economic means, and international cooperation to preclude sanctuaries from which tribes could operate.
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