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Anthrax toxin is composed of a cell-binding protein, known as protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart their physiological effects.
The three components of the anthrax exotoxins, PA, LF, and EF, are individually non-toxic, but they pair to form the two major virulence factors of B. anthracis: lethal toxin (LT, composed of LF + PA) and edema toxin (ET, composed of EF + PA) .
- Shihui Liu, Mahtab Moayeri, Stephen H. Leppla
- 10.1016/j.tim.2014.02.012
- 2014
- 2014/06
The lethality of the anthrax disease is due to the bacterium's two principal virulence factors: the poly-D-glutamic acid capsule, which protects the bacterium from phagocytosis by host neutrophils; and the tripartite protein toxin, called anthrax toxin, consisting of protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF).
Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly disease to livestock and, occasionally, to humans. It is the only permanent ( obligate) pathogen within the genus Bacillus. Its infection is a type of zoonosis, as it is transmitted from animals to humans. [1] .
7 set 2020 · Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is a bipartite toxin comprising protective antigen, which binds cellular receptors, and the lethal factor (LF) protease. LT is the primary virulence factor of B....
- Megan A. Mendenhall, Shihui Liu, Makayla K. Portley, Danielle O’Mard, Rasem Fattah, Roman Szabo, Tho...
- 2020
10 ott 2022 · Methods. We searched 11 databases for articles that report use of anthrax antitoxins in treatment or prevention of systemic anthrax disease published through July 2019. We identified other data sources through reference search and communication with experts.
22 giu 2021 · Anthrax toxin translocation complex reveals insight into the lethal factor unfolding and refolding mechanism. Alexandra J. Machen, Mark T. Fisher & Bret D. Freudenthal. Scientific Reports 11,...
