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The element sulfur exists as many allotropes. In number of allotropes, sulfur is second only to carbon. [1] . In addition to the allotropes, each allotrope often exists in polymorphs (different crystal structures of the same covalently bonded S n molecules) delineated by Greek prefixes (α, β, etc.). [2]
Allotropes of sulfur. No other element forms more solid allotropes than sulfur. At present, about 30 well characterized sulfur allotropes are known of which the most common form found in nature is the greenish-yellow orthorhombic α-sulfur, containing puckered rings of S 8. α-sulfur.
L' allotropia (dal greco allos, altro, e tropos, modo) è una caratteristica che indica la proprietà di alcune sostanze chimiche di esistere in diverse forme, i cui atomi appartengono ad uno stesso elemento chimico. Le diverse forme sono note come allotropi. [1] . Il termine è stato utilizzato per la prima volta dal chimico Jöns Jacob Berzelius.
Compared to other elements, sulfur has the most allotropes. While the S 8 ring is the most common allotrope, there are 6 other structures with up to 20 sulfur atoms per ring. Under appropriate conditions, sulfur vapor can contain \(S\), \(S_2\), \(S_4\), \(S_6\), and \(S_8\).
Allotropy, the existence of a chemical element in two or more forms, which may differ in the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids or in the occurrence of molecules that contain different numbers of atoms. Elements exhibiting allotropy include tin, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and oxygen.
