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Greek fire was an incendiary chemical weapon manufactured in and used by the Eastern Roman Empire from the seventh through the fourteenth centuries. The recipe for Greek fire was a closely-guarded state secret, but historians speculate it may have been made by combining pine resin, naphtha, quicklime, calcium phosphide, sulfur, or niter.
14 nov 2017 · The invention of Greek Fire is credited to a Christian Greek named Kallinikos (aka Callinicus) who escaped to Constantinople from Muslim-held Syria in 668 CE. Flammable liquids had been used in both Greek and Roman warfare but nothing had ever been devised that was quite as lethal as Greek Fire.
- Mark Cartwright
22 mag 2024 · Greek fire launched from tubes mounted on the prows of Greek ships wrought havoc on the Arab fleet attacking Constantinople in 673. Greek fire was later employed effectively by Leo III the Isaurian against an Arab attack in 717 and by Romanus I Lecapenus against a Russian fleet in the 10th century.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
8 lug 2022 · Developed by the Byzantine Empire in 672 C.E., Greek fire was a top-secret combustible compound used during naval battles to set enemy ships ablaze. Although enemies of the Byzantine Empire stole this weapon, they were never able to recreate it for themselves.
17 ago 2021 · Developed in the Byzantine empire of the seventh century, Greek fire was a devastating weapon capable of being fired through tubes like a flamethrower, or hurled grenade-style in pots. It stuck to and burned everything, and couldn’t be doused by water, making it especially useful in naval battles.
1 set 2023 · Key Takeaways. Greek Fire was an advanced secret weapon used by the Byzantine Empire to defend against Islamic assaults. Its deployment techniques and innovations had devastating physical and psychological effects on ancient warfare, forcing enemy forces to adapt their tactics.
28 feb 2023 · Constantinople’s Most Fiery Defense Weapon. Developed by the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century, Greek fire was a true game-changer for Greece when it came to naval warfare. Though the exact origin of Greek fire is unclear, many believe that it was invented by a Syrian engineer named Kallinikos.
