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Hemoglobin S (Hgb S) is an abnormal type of hemoglobin that you can inherit from your parents. Hgb S causes red blood cells to become stiff and abnormally shaped. Instead of having a normal round, disk shape, these red blood cells become sickle-shaped, or crescent-shaped.
- Your healthcare provider may also order other blood tests to check for anemia. He or she may also order a test called hemoglobin electrophoresis to...
- Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, the method used for the test, and other things. Your test results may not mean...
- Having a blood test with a needle carries some risks. These include bleeding, infection, bruising, and feeling lightheaded. When the needle pricks...
- Certain medicines can affect your results, as can having the test too soon after a blood transfusion. In children, age can affect results. Children...
- You don't have to prepare for this test. Make sure to tell your healthcare provider about any health conditions you have and blood transfusion you...
The term sickle cell disease describes hemoglobin SS (Hb SS), hemoglobins resulting from the production of Hb S in concert with another abnormal hemoglobin (e.g., Hb SC, SD, SO), and the sickle β‐thalassemia syndromes in which Hb S is accompanied by either reduced (β +) or absent (β 0) production of normal adult hemoglobin (Hb Sβ ...
By far the most common variant haemoglobin is sickle haemoglobin or haemoglobin S. Haemoglobin S has poor solubility in the deoxygenated state and can polymerise. The red cell shows a characteristic shape change because of polymer formation and becomes distorted and rigid, the so-called sickle cell (see p. 76, Fig. 5-53 ).
Hemoglobin S (α 2 β S 2) – A variant form of hemoglobin found in people with sickle cell disease. There is a variation in the β-chain gene, causing a change in the properties of hemoglobin, which results in sickling of red blood cells.
- Overview
- What is hemoglobin?
- Hemoglobin blood test
- What is a normal hemoglobin level?
- Low hemoglobin levels
- What causes low hemoglobin
- Treating low hemoglobin
- High hemoglobin levels
- Takeaway
Hemoglobin helps red blood cells carry oxygen to your muscles and tissues. Abnormal hemoglobin levels can be a sign of several health problems.
Hemoglobin is a component of your blood that delivers oxygen throughout your body. If your hemoglobin levels are low, your cells might not get enough oxygen. As a result, you might frequently feel tired, weak, or dizzy.
Hemoglobin is a type of protein in your red blood cells that distributes the oxygen you breathe to muscles and tissues throughout your body. Without oxygen, your muscles would not have the energy they need to function normally.
Hemoglobin also picks up carbon dioxide and returns it to your lungs for you to exhale. This essential process helps prevent toxic levels of carbon dioxide.
A hemoglobin (Hgb) blood test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your red blood cells. To perform this test, a healthcare professional will take a sample of blood from your veins, usually from the crook of your arm or the back of your hand.
Your doctor might order a hemoglobin test to:
•Check your overall health: A complete blood count is a common part of routine medical checkups. It measures your levels of hemoglobin and other blood components.
•Screen for disorders: Symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and lightheadedness may indicate a condition that causes low hemoglobin, such as an infection or internal bleeding.
•Monitor your condition: If you have a health condition that causes low hemoglobin or are undergoing treatment for low hemoglobin, your doctor might check your levels regularly.
An Hgb test is no different from a standard blood test and should take only a few minutes. A healthcare professional will disinfect your skin with an alcohol-based wipe. They will place an elastic band, known as a tourniquet, around your biceps and ask you to make a fist so your veins become more visible.
Healthcare professionals measure hemoglobin in grams per deciliter of blood (g/dL).
Normal hemoglobin levels are as follows:
•In adult males: 13.5–18 g/dL
•In adult females: 12–15 g/dL
•In children: 11–16 g/dL
•During pregnancy: varied but typically greater than 10 g/dL
Symptoms
If your hemoglobin levels are too low, your muscle cells might not be getting enough oxygen. You might feel like you have no energy. This condition is called anemia. Common symptoms of anemia include: •chest pain •cold hands and feet •dizziness •fatigue •headaches •irregular heartbeat •paler-than-usual skin •shortness of breath •weakness
Low hemoglobin levels have many possible causes. Some of the most common causes are:
•Diet: A diet that is too low in iron, folate, or vitamin B12 can affect your body’s ability to produce hemoglobin.
•Blood loss: Significant bleeding can lead to low hemoglobin levels, but long-term blood loss from stomach ulcers, uterine fibroids, or heavy menstrual periods can also contribute.
•Pregnancy: During pregnancy, your blood volume increases significantly, which can lower your hemoglobin levels.
•Genetic conditions: Hereditary health conditions such as G6PD deficiency, sickle cell anemia, spherocytosis, and thalassemia can destroy red blood cells.
•Cancer: Certain types of cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma, can affect your red blood cell levels.
Your doctor will recommend treatments for low hemoglobin according to the underlying cause.
If your diet is low in iron, a nutritional supplement may help increase your hemoglobin levels. Your doctor might also recommend nutritional counseling to help you select foods rich in essential vitamins and minerals.
If you have a health condition that’s causing low hemoglobin, your doctor will treat the underlying cause.
Most of the time, addressing the cause of low hemoglobin will help improve your levels. In severe cases, you may need a blood transfusion.
It’s also possible to have overly high hemoglobin levels. If you have high hemoglobin levels, you might also have a high red blood cell count. This condition is called polycythemia.
Primary polycythemia is a genetic condition linked to a mutation in the bone marrow cells.
Hemoglobin is an essential component of your red blood cells that allows them to distribute oxygen throughout your body. When your hemoglobin levels are low, you might feel unusually weak or tired.
Doctors use a blood test to check your hemoglobin levels. They will usually order this test as part of a routine exam. Treatment for low hemoglobin levels depends on the cause but may include nutritional supplements.
4 mag 2023 · Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells (RBCs) that gives blood its red color. It has two primary functions: It transfers oxygen from your lungs to tissues throughout your body, and it carries carbon dioxide from cells back to the lungs so it can be expelled. When hemoglobin is too low, it can indicate certain types of anemia.
31 dic 2019 · First, hemoglobin S is more positively charged than hemoglobin A and second, a 50‐50 mixture of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin A has a very similar electrophoretic pattern to the hemoglobin from the parents of sickle cell disease patients.
