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2 giorni fa · Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł (Radvila Rudasis) and his cousin Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, two prominent nobles and military commanders in Lithuania, vocally opposed the union. A fierce proponent of a single unified Commonwealth was Sigismund II Augustus, who was childless and ailing.
2 giorni fa · Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł represented the great Lithuanian Radziwiłł magnate family. The subordination to magnate interests took place not without some resistance, but the various szlachta movements lacked coordination and in the first half of the 18th century the middle nobility ceased being an independent force in national politics.
4 giorni fa · W latach 1509-1520 biskup żmujdzki Mikołaj Radziwiłł wzniósł w miejscu zniszczonego grodu dwór obronny. Później darował dobra knyszyńskie królowi Zygmuntowi I Staremu. Po 1537 roku z inicjatywy króla dwór obronny został rozbudowany w zapewne murowany zamek.
4 giorni fa · Tymczasem na północy, hetman litewski Janusz Radziwiłł prowadził skuteczną ofensywę przeciwko powstańcom i nawet zajął Kijów. Na czele wojsk koronnych na powrót stanęli niekompetentni hetmani Mikołaj Potocki i Marcin Kalinowski, którzy ruszyli na Ukrainę z dalszą ofensywą.
3 giorni fa · Мікалай Радзівіл Чорны — Вікіпедыя. Мікала́й «Чо́рны» Радзіві́л ( 4 лютага 1515, Нясвіж — 28 / 29 мая [6] 1565, Лукішкі пад Вільняй ) — вялікалітоўскі дзяржаўны, палітычны, ваенны, культурны і рэлігійны дзеяч.
3 giorni fa · Dopo le guerre napoleoniche, molti sovrani rivendicarono il titolo di re, duca o sovrano polacco, in particolare imperatori tedeschi, russi e austriaci. La monarchia fu abolita e fu istituita un' autorità parlamentare repubblicana quando la Polonia fu ricostituita come Stato sovrano nel 1918 .
4 giorni fa · This is a list of Baroque palaces and residences built in the late 17th and 18th centuries. Baroque architecture is a building style of the Baroque era, begun in late 16th-century Italy and spread in Europe.
