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I kanji (漢字?, kanji, "caratteri han", cioè "caratteri cinesi" o sinogrammi) sono i caratteri di origine cinese usati nella scrittura giapponese in congiunzione con i sillabari hiragana e katakana
- Jōyō kanji
Jōyō kanji. I jōyō kanji (常用漢字,? "kanji di uso comune")...
- Jōyō kanji
Kanji (漢字, Japanese pronunciation: [kaɲdʑi]) are the logographic Chinese characters adapted from the Chinese script used in the writing of Japanese. [1] They were made a major part of the Japanese writing system during the time of Old Japanese and are still used, along with the subsequently-derived syllabic scripts of hiragana and katakana.
The jōyō kanji (常用漢字, Japanese pronunciation: [dʑoːjoːkaꜜɲdʑi], lit. "regular-use kanji") system of representing written Japanese currently consists of 2,136 characters.
- Use of Scripts
- Collation
- Direction of Writing
- Spacing and Punctuation
- History of The Japanese Script
- Romanization
- Sources
- External Links
Kanji
Kanji(漢字) are logographic characters (Japanese-simplified since 1946) taken from Chinese script and used in the writing of Japanese. It is known from archaeological evidence that the first contacts that the Japanese had with Chinese writing took place in the 1st century AD, during the late Yayoi period. However, the Japanese people of that era probably had little to no comprehension of the script, and they would remain relatively illiterate until the 5th century AD in the Kofun period, when w...
Rōmaji
The first contact of the Japanese with the Latin alphabet occurred in the 16th century, during the Muromachi period, when they had contact with Portuguese navigators, the first European people to visit the Japanese islands. The earliest Japanese romanization system was based on Portuguese orthography. It was developed around 1548 by a Japanese Catholic named Anjirō. The Latin alphabetis used to write the following: 1. Latin-alphabet acronyms and initialisms, such as NATO or UFO 2. Japanese pe...
Arabic numerals
Arabic numerals (as opposed to traditional kanji numerals) are often used to write numbers in horizontal text, especially when numbering things rather than indicating a quantity, such as telephone numbers, serial numbers and addresses. Arabic numerals were introduced in Japan probably at the same time as the Latin alphabet, in the 16th century during the Muromachi period, the first contact being via Portuguese navigators. These numerals did not originate in Europe, as the Portuguese inherited...
Collation (word ordering) in Japanese is based on the kana, which express the pronunciation of the words, rather than the kanji. The kana may be ordered using two common orderings, the prevalent gojūon (fifty-sound) ordering, or the old-fashioned iroha ordering. Kanji dictionaries are usually collated using the radical system, though other systems,...
Traditionally, Japanese is written in a format called tategaki(縦書き), which was inherited from traditional Chinese practice. In this format, the characters are written in columns going from top to bottom, with columns ordered from right to left. After reaching the bottom of each column, the reader continues at the top of the column to the left of th...
Japanese is normally written without spaces between words, and text is allowed to wrap from one line to the next without regard for word boundaries. This convention was originally modelled on Chinese writing, where spacing is superfluous because each character is essentially a word in itself (albeit compounds are common). However, in kana and mixed...
Importation of kanji
Japan's first encounters with Chinese characters may have come as early as the 1st century AD with the King of Na gold seal, said to have been given by Emperor Guangwu of Han in AD 57 to a Japanese emissary.However, it is unlikely that the Japanese became literate in Chinese writing any earlier than the 4th century AD. Initially Chinese characters were not used for writing Japanese, as literacy meant fluency in Classical Chinese, not the vernacular. Eventually a system called kanbun(漢文) devel...
The development of man'yōgana
No full-fledged script for written Japanese existed until the development of man'yōgana(万葉仮名), which appropriated kanji for their phonetic value (derived from their Chinese readings) rather than their semantic value. Man'yōgana was initially used to record poetry, as in the Man'yōshū(万葉集), compiled sometime before 759, whence the writing system derives its name. Some scholars claim that man'yōgana originated from Baekje, but this hypothesis is denied by mainstream Japanese scholars. The moder...
There are a number of methods of rendering Japanese in Roman letters. The Hepburn method of romanization, designed for English speakers, is a de facto standard widely used inside and outside Japan. The Kunrei-shiki system has a better correspondence with Japanese phonology, which makes it easier for native speakers to learn. It is officially endors...
Gottlieb, Nanette (1996). Kanji Politics: Language Policy and Japanese Script. Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7103-0512-5.Habein, Yaeko Sato (1984). The History of the Japanese Written Language. University of Tokyo Press. ISBN 0-86008-347-0.Miyake, Marc Hideo (2003). Old Japanese: A Phonetic Reconstruction. RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-415-30575-6.Seeley, Christopher (1984). "The Japanese Script since 1900". Visible Language. XVIII. 3: 267–302.The 20th Century Japanese Writing System: Reform and Changeby Christopher SeeleyJapanese Hiragana Conversion APIby NTT ResonantJapanese Morphological Analysis APIby NTT ResonantIl moderno sistema di scrittura della lingua giapponese utilizza tre principali tipi di caratteri: logogrammi ( kanji ), due sillabari ( hiragana e katakana) e l'alfabeto latino in casi ristretti ( rōmaji ). I kanji, di origine cinese, sono 2997 (quelli più comuni sono noti come jōyō e jinmeiyō kanji) e vengono utilizzati ...
The jōyō kanji (常用漢字, Japanese pronunciation: [dʑoːjoːkaꜜɲdʑi], lit. "regular-use kanji") is the guide to kanji characters and their readings, announced officially by the Japanese Ministry of Education. Current jōyō kanji are those on a list of 2,136 characters issued in 2010.
