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The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renaissance ).
- Middle Ages
Calamities which included a great famine and the Black...
- Crisis of the late Middle Ages
The crisis of the Middle Ages was a series of events in the...
- Italy in the Middle Ages
Late antiquity in Italy lingered on into the 7th century...
- Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes...
- Middle Ages
Calamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War.
- Historiography
- Demography
- Little Ice Age and The Great Famine
- Climate Change and Plague Pandemic Correlation
- Popular Revolt
- Malthusian Hypothesis
- See Also
- General and Cited Sources
- Further Reading
- External Links
The expression "crisis of the late Middle Ages" is commonly used in western historiography, especially in English and German, and somewhat less in other western European scholarship, to refer to the array of crises besetting Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. The expression often carries a modifier to specify it, such as the urban crisis of the...
The Medieval Warm Period ended sometime towards the end of the 13th century. This marked the start of the Little Ice Age, which resulted in harsher winters with reduced harvests. In Northern Europe, new technological innovations such as the heavy plough and the three-field system were not as effective in clearing new fields for harvest as they were...
As Europe moved out of the Medieval Warm Period and into the Little Ice Age, a decrease in temperature and a great number of devastating floods disrupted harvests and caused mass famine. The cold and the rain proved to be particularly disastrous from 1315 to 1317 in which poor weather interrupted the maturation of many grains and beans, and floodin...
The Black Death was a particularly devastating epidemic in Europe during this time, and is notable due to the number of people who succumbed to the disease within the few years the disease was active. It was fatal to an estimated thirty to sixty percent of the population where the disease was present. While there is some question of whether it was ...
There were some popular uprisings in Europe before the 14th century, but these were local in scope, for example uprisings at a manor house against an unpleasant overlord. This changed in the 14th and 15th centuries when new downward pressures on the poor[clarification needed]resulted in mass movements and popular uprisings across Europe. To indicat...
Scholars such as David Herlihy and Michael Postan use the term Malthusian limit to explain some calamities as results of overpopulation. In his 1798 Essay on the Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus asserted that exponential population growth will invariably exceed available resources, making mass death inevitable. In his book The Black Death an...
Abel, Wilhelm (1934). "Bevölkerungsgang u. Landwirtschaft im ausgehenden Mittealter im Lichte der Preis- u. Lohnbewegung" [Population and Agriculture in the late Middle Ages in the light of price a...Bloch, Marc; Dauvergne, Robert Marie (1960) [1st pub. Oslo 1931]. Les caractères originaux de l'histoire rurale française (in French). Armand Colin. OCLC 925568328.Merrill, Robert (1987). Sir Thomas Malory and the Cultural Crisis of the Late Middle Ages. American University Studies. Series 4. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8204-0303-8.Merton, Thomas (29 November 1999). Mystics and Zen Masters. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-4299-4400-7. OCLC 643880738.Bois, Guy (October 1998). "Discussion: On the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages". The Medieval History Journal. 1 (2): 311–321. doi:10.1177/097194589800100206. ISSN 0971-9458. S2CID 220680346.Felschow, Eva-Marie (1985). Wetzlar in der Krise des Spätmittelalters [Wetzlar in the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages] (in German). Darmstadt: Selbstverl. der Hessischen Historischen Kommission Darm...Garí de Aguilera, Blanca; Hernando Delgado, Josep; Riu Riu, Manuel (2005). "10. Crisi de la Baixa Edat Mitjana" [Crisis of the Late Middle Ages]. Història medieval universal [Universal Medieval His...Heimann, Heinz-Dieter (1993). Hausordnung und Staatsbildung: innerdynastische Konflikte als Wirkungsfaktoren der Herrschaftsverfestigung bei den wittelsbachischen Rheinpfalzgrafen und den Herzögen..."'The Waning of the Middle Ages': Crisis and Recovery, 1300–1450"—Lecture 11, Western Civilization to 1650 (42.125), M. Hickey, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania
Late antiquity in Italy lingered on into the 7th century under the Ostrogothic Kingdom and the Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty, the Byzantine Papacy until the mid 8th century.
The Migration Period was a historical period sometimes called the Dark Ages, Late Antiquity, or the Early Middle Ages. The period lasted from the fall of Rome to about the year 1000, with a brief hiatus during the flowering of the Carolingian court established by Charlemagne.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- The Middle Ages was the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th century CE to the period of the Renaissance (...
- After the dissolution of the Roman Empire, the idea arose of Europe as one large church-state, called Christendom. Christendom consisted of two dis...
- Romanesque art was the first of two great international artistic eras that flourished in Europe during the Middle Ages. Romanesque architecture eme...
- Feudalism designates the social, economic, and political conditions in western Europe during the early Middle Ages, the long stretch of time betwee...
Late Middle Ages. The Late Middle Ages were the last two centuries of the Middle Ages, from around 1291, when the Crusades ended, to 1492, when Columbus traveled to the New World. The gun was invented, and changed the way that wars were fought. Aristocracy and feudalism became less important.
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century.
