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Johann Adolf II, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels. John VIII, Count of Nassau-Siegen. John Adolphus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön. Prince John August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Johann Ernst, Count of Nassau-Weilburg. John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach. John George III, Elector of Saxony. John of Hesse-Braubach.
Trier witch trials (Pamphlett, 1594) In the Holy Roman Empire, witch trials composed of the areas of the present day Germany, were the most extensive in Europe and in the world, both to the extent of the witch trials as such as well as to the number of executions. The witchcraft persecutions differed widely between the regions, and was most ...
Roman Catholicism. Signature. Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564. [1] [2] Before his accession as emperor, he ruled the Austrian hereditary lands of the House of Habsburg in the name of his elder ...
Catholicism. Signature. Charles V [c] [d] (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. He was heir to and then head of the rising House of Habsburg.
Holy Roman Empire, German Heiliges Römisches Reich, Realm of varying extent in medieval and modern western and central Europe. Traditionally believed to have been established by Charlemagne , who was crowned emperor by Pope Leo III in 800, the empire lasted until the renunciation of the imperial title by Francis II in 1806.
King of the Romans. Brandenburg (and first cousin of the Elector of Bohemia) 1411. Sigismund. First cousin of predecessor. Luxembourg. Brandenburg (and half-brother of the Elector of Bohemia) 1438. Frankfurt.
Wilson, Peter H. Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire (2016), long scholarly interpretive history; Wilson, Peter H. The Holy Roman Empire 1495–1806 (2011), 156 pages; short summary by scholar; Zophy, Jonathan W. ed., The Holy Roman Empire: A Dictionary Handbook (Greenwood Press, 1980) แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น
