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Italy has been a unitary parliamentary republic since 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by a constitutional referendum. The President of Italy, Sergio Mattarella since 2015, is Italy's head of state. The president is elected for a single seven-year term by the Italian Parliament and regional voters in joint session.
For example, the constitutional democracy of Lithuania is a parliamentary system with characteristics of a presidential system, such as a president of the republic who is directly elected by the people and who has significant powers regarding national defense, military command, and international relations.
25 gen 2023 · Health System Challenges. “Germany is a federal parliamentary republic, consisting of 16 states (Figure 1.1). Each state has a constitution that is consistent with the federal, democratic and social principles embodied in the national constitution, which is known as the Basic Law, or Grundgesetz. “The constitutionally defined legislative ...
10 mag 2023 · In a presidential republic, the president has significant independent powers and is elected separately from the legislature. In a parliamentary republic, the head of government is usually a member of the legislature and relies on parliamentary support to govern. Both systems have their own advantages and disadvantages and can operate ...
The abolition of secret voting on most parliamentary matters at the end of the 1980s did not significantly change this situation. Special majorities are required for constitutional legislation and for the election of the president of the republic, Constitutional Court judges, and members of the Superior Council of the Magistrature.
On 30 November 2021, Barbados transitioned from a parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the hereditary monarch of Barbados (Queen Elizabeth II) to a parliamentary republic with a ceremonial indirectly elected president as head of state.
Slovenia is a parliamentary democratic republic with a proportional electoral system. In Slovenia power is vested in the people. All adult citizens of the Republic of Slovenia have the right to vote for representatives of the people in general, multi-party and free elections. Power is divided into the legislative, executive and judicial branches. The holder of the legislative branch is the ...
