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  1. Mongol probing attacks materialised on the Holy Roman Empire's border states: a force was repulsed in a skirmish near Kłodzko, 300–700 Mongol troops were killed in a battle near Vienna to 100 Austrian losses (according to the Duke of Austria), and a Mongol raiding party was destroyed by Austrian knights in the district of Theben after being backed to the border of the River March.

  2. Wilson, Peter H. Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire (2016), long scholarly interpretive history; Wilson, Peter H. The Holy Roman Empire 1495–1806 (2011), 156 pages; short summary by scholar; Zophy, Jonathan W. ed., The Holy Roman Empire: A Dictionary Handbook (Greenwood Press, 1980) แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น

  3. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › KaiserpfalzKaiserpfalz - Wikipedia

    The term Kaiserpfalz (German: [ˈkaɪzɐˌpfalts], "imperial palace") or Königspfalz (German: [ˈkøːnɪçsˌpfalts], "royal palace", from Middle High German phal[en]ze to Old High German phalanza from Middle Latin palatia [plural] to Latin palatium "palace") refers to a number of palaces and castles across the Holy Roman Empire that served as temporary seats of power for the Holy Roman ...

  4. King of the Romans. Brandenburg (and first cousin of the Elector of Bohemia) 1411. Sigismund. First cousin of predecessor. Luxembourg. Brandenburg (and half-brother of the Elector of Bohemia) 1438. Frankfurt.

  5. Sigismund of Luxembourg [a] (15 February 1368 – 9 December 1437) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until his death in 1437. He was elected King of Germany ( King of the Romans) in 1410, and was also King of Bohemia from 1419, as well as prince-elector of Brandenburg (1378–1388 and 1411–1415). As the husband of Mary, Queen of Hungary, he ...

  6. Princely abbeys ( German: Fürstabtei, Fürststift) and Imperial abbeys ( German: Reichsabtei, Reichskloster, Reichsstift, Reichsgotthaus) were religious establishments within the Holy Roman Empire which enjoyed the status of imperial immediacy ( Reichsunmittelbarkeit) and therefore were answerable directly to the Emperor.

  7. Map of the Holy Roman Empire in 1789 The German Confederation after 1815, the result of German mediatisation during the Napoleonic Wars. German mediatisation (English: / m iː d i ə t aɪ ˈ z eɪ ʃ ən /; German: deutsche Mediatisierung) was the major redistribution and reshaping of territorial holdings that took place between 1802 and 1814 in Germany by means of the subsumption and ...