The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
- 815,000 km² (315,000 sq mi)
- Early modern period
- de jure:, Kraków (1569–1793), Warsaw (1793–1795), de facto:, Kraków (1569–1596), Warsaw (1596–1795)
- General sejm
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1569–1648. Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1619, around the time of Commonwealth's greatest extent. 1667–1768. Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1667–1768, following the territorial losses of the mid-17th century.
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, following the Union of Lublin, became a counterpoint to the absolute monarchies gaining power in Europe. Its quasi-democratic political system of Golden Liberty , albeit limited to nobility, was mostly unprecedented in the history of Europe .
The military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth consisted of two separate armies [1] of the Kingdom of Poland 's Crown Army and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania 's Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army following the 1569 Union of Lublin, which joined to form the bi-conderate elective monarchy of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuaniaand, after 1791, the Commonwealth of Poland, was a stateof Polandand Lithuaniathat was ruled by a common monarch. The Commonwealth was an extension of the Polish-Lithuanian Union, a personal unionbetween those ...
- 815,000 km² (315,000 sq mi)
- Early modern period
- Official:, Polish and Latin, Regional:, Lithuanian, Ruthenian, (see Languages section for details)
- General sejm
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after the First Partition, as a protectorate of the Russian Empire (1773–1789) In February 1772, the agreement of partition was signed in Vienna. Early in August, Russian, Prussian and Austrian troops occupied the provinces agreed upon among themselves.
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