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Our Lessons Are an Online Adaptation of Foreign Service Institute, German Basic Course. We Offer 12 Lessons with Different Practice Drills and a Vocabulary Section.
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Learn about the Germanic languages, a branch of the Indo-European family spoken by about 515 million people. Find out their history, features, subgroups, and examples of modern languages derived from Proto-Germanic.
- Overview
- Linguistic characteristics of the protolanguage
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Germanic languages, branch of the Indo-European language family. Scholars often divide the Germanic languages into three groups: West Germanic, including English, German, and Netherlandic (Dutch); North Germanic, including Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Faroese; and East Germanic, now extinct, comprising only Gothic and the languages of the Vandals, Burgundians, and a few other tribes.
In numbers of native speakers, English, with 450 million, clearly ranks third among the languages of the world (after Mandarin and Spanish); German, with some 98 million, probably ranks 10th (after Hindi, Bengali, Arabic, Portuguese, Russian, and Japanese). To these figures may be added those for persons with another native language who have learned one of the Germanic languages for commercial, scientific, literary, or other purposes. English is unquestionably the world’s most widely used second language.
The earliest historical evidence for Germanic is provided by isolated words and names recorded by Latin authors beginning in the 1st century bce. From approximately 200 ce there are inscriptions carved in the 24-letter runic alphabet. The earliest extensive Germanic text is the (incomplete) Gothic Bible, translated about 350 ce by the Visigothic bishop Ulfilas (Wulfila) and written in a 27-letter alphabet of the translator’s own design. Later versions of the runic alphabet were used sparingly in England and Germany but more widely in Scandinavia—in the latter area down to early modern times. All extensive later Germanic texts, however, use adaptations of the Latin alphabet.
See table for the names and approximate dates of the earliest recorded Germanic languages.
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Languages & Alphabets
The special characteristics of the Germanic languages that distinguish them from other Indo-European languages result from numerous phonological and grammatical changes.
Learn about the Germanic languages, a branch of the Indo-European family, and their distribution, history, and features. Find out how they are related to other languages and how they are spoken and written today.
A comprehensive overview of the Germanic languages, their branches, subgroups, and individual languages. Learn about the history, features, and varieties of the Germanic languages, from Proto-Germanic to modern dialects.
Le lingue germaniche sono un gruppo linguistico appartenente alla famiglia delle lingue indoeuropee. Sono originate dalla lingua proto-germanica, parlata dai popoli germanici che con diverse migrazioni erano arrivati a stanziarsi dal nord Europa ai confini dell'Impero romano fino agli anni della sua caduta. Le lingue germaniche oggi ...
Learn how Germanic languages emerged from Proto-Germanic and developed into different groups and dialects over time. Explore the archaeological and linguistic evidence of the Germanic migrations and the features of Northwest Germanic, West Germanic, and East Germanic.
German is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is one of the most widely spoken and influential languages in the world, and a member of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Learn about the Germanic languages, a branch of the Indo-European family, and their history, distribution, and features. Find out how English, German, and other languages are related and different.
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Our Lessons Are an Online Adaptation of Foreign Service Institute, German Basic Course. We Offer 12 Lessons with Different Practice Drills and a Vocabulary Section.
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Risparmia su germanic languages. Spedizione gratis (vedi condizioni)
