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Louis I (German: Ludwig; 6 February 1402 – 17 January 1458), nicknamed the Peaceful (German: der Friedsame), was Landgrave of Hesse from 1413 to 1458. Following Louis' death, his sons, Henry III and Louis II, divided Hesse into Upper and Lower sections. Life
- 17 January 1458 (aged 55)
- Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse
- 6 February 1402, Spangenberg
- Margaret of Hohenzollern-Nuremberg
Louis I (died January 12, 1140) was ruler of Thuringia from 1123 to 1140. Biography. The son of Count Louis the Springer ("the jumper") and his wife Adelheid, he was appointed Landgrave of Thuringia by the Emperor Lothair III in 1131.
- (?), (?)
- Adelheid of Stade
- 12 January 1140
- Louis the Springer
- Early Life
- Marriage
- Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
- Grand Duke of Hesse
- Marriage and Family
- Bibliography
Louis was born on 14 June 1753 as the third child and eldest son of the later Landgrave Louis IX of Hessen-Darmstadt, and his spouse Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken, a daughter of Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. He was born in the town of Prenzlau in Brandenburg, where his father, who was in Prussian military service, was st...
In 1776, he became engaged to Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg, eldest daughter of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg. The engagement was broken off so that Sophia Dorothea could marry Louis's recently widowed brother-in-law Tsarevich Paul Petrovich, son and heir of Catherine II "the Great", Empress of Russia. He received a monetary compensatio...
Louis succeeded as Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt on the death of his father in 1790. He presided over a significant increase in territory for Hesse-Darmstadt during the imperial reorganizations of 1801–1803, most notably the Duchy of Westphalia, hitherto subject to the Archbishop of Cologne.
Allied to Napoleon I of France, Louis was elevated to the title of a Grand Duke of Hesse in 1806 and joined the Confederation of the Rhine, leading to the dissolution of the Empire. At the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, Louis had to give up his Westphalian territories, but was compensated with the district of Rheinhessen, with his capital Mainz on ...
On 19 February 1777, Louis married his first cousin, Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt (15 February 1761 – 24 October 1829), a daughter of Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt. Together, they had eight children: 1. Louis, later Grand Duke Louis II of Hesse (26 December 1777 – 16 June 1848). Married his first cousin Wilhelmine of Badenand had i...
Eckhart G. Franz (1987), "Ludwig I., (eigentlich Ludewig)", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 15, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 395–396; (full text online)Walther, Philip [in German] (1884), "Ludwig I. (Großherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie(in German), vol. 19, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 551–557Overview. Louis IX was a son of Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg . He was born in Darmstadt on 15 December 1719. On 12 August 1741, Louis married Caroline, daughter of Christian III, Duke of Zweibrücken.
- 12 October 1768 –, 6 April 1790
- Hesse-Darmstadt
Upon the extinction of the ducal Conradines, these Rhenish Franconian counties were gradually acquired by Landgrave Louis I of Thuringia and his successors. After the War of the Thuringian Succession upon the death of Landgrave Henry Raspe in 1247, his niece Duchess Sophia of Brabant secured the Hessian possessions for her minor son Henry the ...
- State of the Holy Roman Empire
Uncertainty over succession. In 1292 internal conflict arose about the question of Henry's successor. Mechthild of Cleves demanded on her sons receiving a share of the heritage, while Henry and Otto, Henry's sons by his first wife, insisted on excluding their half-brothers from the inheritance.
Louis I of Hesse , called "the Peaceful", was Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1413 to 1458.