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al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām b. Khuwaylid b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Quṣayy al-Asadī al-Qurashī è stato un politico arabo, Compagno del profeta islamico Maometto, suo cugino e uno dei suoi principali collaboratori. Come tale faceva parte dei Dieci Benedetti. Al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām fu il quinto musulmano a convertirsi e fu tra ...
Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam ibn Khuwaylid al-Asadi (Arabic: الزُّبَيْر بْن الْعَوَّام بْن خُوَيْلِد الأَسَدِيّ, romanized: al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām ibn Khuwaylid al-ʾAsadī; c. 594–656) was an Arab Muslim commander in the service of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the caliphs Abu Bakr (r.
- Mazar Zubayr, Zubayriyya, Iraq
- Early Life and Career
- Revolt
- Descendants
- Assessment
- Timeline of The Two Caliphates
- Further Reading
Family
Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr was born in Medina in the Hejaz (western Arabia) in May 624. He was the eldest son of al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, a companion of Muhammad and a leading Muslim figure. He belonged to the Banu Asad clan of the Quraysh, the dominant tribe of Mecca, a trade center in the Hejaz and location of the Kaaba, the holiest sanctuary in Islam. Ibn al-Zubayr's paternal grandmother was Safiyya bint Abd al-Muttalib, the paternal aunt of Muhammad, and his mother was Asma bint Abi Bakr, a d...
Military career
As a child, during the reign of Caliph Umar (r. 634–644) in 636, Ibn al-Zubayr may have been present with his father at the Battle of the Yarmuk against the Byzantines in Syria. He was also present with his father in Amr ibn al-As's campaign against Byzantine Egypt in 640. In 647, Ibn al-Zubayr distinguished himself in the Muslim conquest of Ifriqiya (North Africa) under the commander Abd Allah ibn Sa'd. During that campaign, Ibn al-Zubayr discovered a vulnerable point in the battle lines of...
Opposition to the Umayyads
Ibn al-Zubayr did not oppose Mu'awiya I's accession to the caliphate in 661 and remained largely inactive during the course of his reign. However, he refused to recognize Mu'awiya's nomination of his son Yazid I as his successor in 676. When Yazid acceded following his father's death in 680, Ibn al-Zubayr again rejected his legitimacy, despite Yazid having the backing of the Arab tribesmen of Syria who formed the core of the Umayyad military. In response, Yazid charged al-Walid ibn Utba ibn A...
Claim to the caliphate
Yazid's death and the subsequent withdrawal of the Umayyad army from the Hejaz afforded Ibn al-Zubayr the opportunity to realize his aspirations for the caliphate. He immediately declared himself amir al-mu'minin (commander of the faithful), a title traditionally reserved for the caliph, and called for all Muslims to give him their oaths of allegiance. With the other potential Hejazi candidates dead, Ibn al-Zubayr remained the last contender for the caliphate among the anti-Umayyad factions i...
Suppression and death
The defeat of al-Mukhtar, who had opposed the Zubayrids and the Umayyads, left Ibn al-Zubayr and Marwan's son and successor Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705) as the two main contenders for the caliphate. However, Kharijite gains in Arabia had isolated Ibn al-Zubayr in the Hejaz, cutting him off from loyalists in other parts of the caliphate. In 691, Abd al-Malik secured the support of Zufar and the Qays of Jazira, removing the principal obstacle between his Syrian army and Zubayrid Iraq. Later that y...
Following his victory, Abd al-Malik confiscated the estates of Ibn al-Zubayr in Medina and elsewhere in the Hejaz. The caliph later restored some of the properties to Ibn al-Zubayr's sons after a request by Thabit. His eldest son, Khubayb, was flogged to death in Medina by its governor Umar II during the reign of Caliph al-Walid I (r. 705–715). Tha...
Ibn al-Zubayr adamantly opposed the caliphate becoming an Umayyad inheritance. Instead, he advocated that the caliph should be chosen by shura (consultation) among the Quraysh as a whole. The Quraysh opposed the monopolization of power by the Banu Umayya and insisted power be distributed among all the Qurayshi clans. However, other than this convic...
Three Umayyad caliphs reigned during the twelve years of Ibn al-Zubayr's caliphate between 680 and 692. The short terms indicated in the upper plot in light blue and yellow correspond to the tenures of Mu'awiya II and Marwan I, respectively. (Note that a caliph's succession does not necessarily occur on the first day of the new year.)
Bahramian, Ali; Lahouti, Hassan (2015). "ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica Online. Brill Online. ISSN 1875-9831.Clarke, Nicola (2018). "'Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr". In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-866277-8.Lineage. Zubayr ibn al-Awwam was the son of Safiyya bint Abdul Mutallib (RA) and Awwam ibn Khuwaylid. He is related to Rasulullah (PBUH) in three separate ways. Through his father, Zubayr (RA) and Muhammad (PBUH) share a common ancestor in the fifth generation named Qusayy.
al-Zubayr ibn al-ʿAwwām b. Khuwaylid b. Asad b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. Quṣayy al-Asadī al-Qurashī è stato un politico arabo, Compagno del profeta islamico Maometto, suo cugino e uno dei suoi principali collaboratori. Come tale faceva parte dei Dieci Benedetti.
21 ago 2020 · Hazrat Zubair bin al-Awwam (ra) relates that on the day of the Battle of Uhud, the Holy Prophet(sa) made reference to both of his own parents for him; meaning he said, “May my mother and father be sacrificed for you.” (Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, vol. 1, p. 450, Zubair bin al-Awwam, hadith no. 1408, Alam-ul-Kutb, Beirut, 1998)
22 lug 2018 · History Personal development. Az-Zubayr Ibn Al-Awwam – life of a legend. By admin. July 22, 2018. 0. 1565. Az-Zubayr Ibn Al-Awwam was the sixth companion promised Paradise, from the 10 promised Paradise (Ashara Mubashara). Lineage to the Prophet SAS. Mother’s side – his mum is Safiyyah Bint Abd al-Muttalib RA who is the Prophet SAS paternal Aunt.
