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Gerda Ryti (née Serlachius; 11 October 1886 – 8 September 1984) was the wife of Finland's fifth president, Risto Ryti, serving as the First Lady of Finland from 1940 until 1944. Gerda Paula Serlachius was born as the second child to Senator and Justice Counselor (Oikeusneuvos) Julian Serlachius and Paula née Söderhjelm.
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Gerda Ryti poistuu Säätytalolta sotasyyllisyysoikeudenkäynnistä 16. marraskuuta 1945. Gerda Paula Ryti (o.s. Serlachius, 11. lokakuuta 1886 Viipuri – 8. syyskuuta 1984 Helsinki) oli Suomen tasavallan presidenttinä 1940–1944 toimineen Risto Rytin puoliso.
Risto Ryti and his wife Gerda were guests of Alfred Kordelin at Mommila Manor celebrating the host’s 49 th birthday on 6 November 1917 when Russian sailors, carried away by the Bolshevik Revolution that had broken out in Russia, attacked. The Russians took Kordelin and his 20 guests prisoner.
- Early Life and Career
- Politician and Banker
- Prime Minister and President
- Continuation War
- Last Stages of Career
- Post-Soviet Legacy
- Freemason and Believer in Fate and Spirituality
- In Popular Culture
- Honours
Risto Ryti was born in Huittinen, Satakunta, one of seven sons. His parents were Kaarle Evert Ryti, a farmer, and Ida Vivika Junttila. Although he came from a peasant farming background, during his childhood Ryti hardly participated in work on the family's large farm, being a bookish and academically inclined boy. He was educated briefly at Pori Gr...
Member of parliament and finance minister
During the Finnish Civil War Ryti played no active part, remaining in hiding with his family in Red-dominated Helsinki. Afterwards, however, he would become deeply involved in politics, being elected a National Progressive member of Parliament in 1919, at the age of thirty the second youngest member. In the same year, the party candidate, an admirer of Ryti, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, was elected the first president of Finland. Ryti served as a member of Parliament from 1919 to 1924 and from 1927...
Governor of the national bank
In 1925 Ryti was also nominated as a presidential candidate at the age of 36. In the second round of voting, he received the most support. However, in the third round the Swedish People's Party, which held the balance, moved their votes to Lauri Kristian Relander, and Ryti lost to Relander by 109 votes to 172. Ryti's support increased over the years but was never enough in elections. During the 1930s he withdrew from daily politics, but influenced economic policies. Ryti was an orthodox suppo...
Ryti–Tanner government during the Winter War
Ryti had built up relations of trust with leading Social Democratic Party politician Väinö Tanner and President Kyösti Kallio. In late autumn 1939, Ryti was offered the post of prime minister, but he tried to turn down the offer. However, when the Winter Warbroke out on 30 November, Ryti agreed. He took his post on 1 December. Ryti concentrated on a realistic analysis of the situation, instead of pessimism or over-optimism. He and foreign minister Tanner agreed that the war must be brought to...
From prime minister to president
Ryti had proved to be a strong prime minister, in contrast to his predecessor Aimo Cajander. President Kallio suffered a stroke in August, and also he had no great experience in foreign policy, so the heavy responsibilities of state leadership were shared by Ryti, Field Marshal C.G.E. Mannerheim, industrialist and general Rudolf Walden, and Tanner. Considering this and the fact Ryti had signed the peace treaty, Ryti became an acceptable figure for the post of president in December 1940 when K...
Towards German orientation
Finland's changed policy from a Scandinavian orientation up to, and during, the Winter War, to a German orientation after the Winter War, was not in the least pursued by the confirmed Anglophile Risto Ryti. He had no illusions about the true nature of Germany. Traditionally Finland had been associated with Britain by stronger commercial ties, but as the Baltic Seawas dominated by the Germans and Soviets, lost markets had to be found elsewhere, and the Germans were willing to trade. In August...
Early success and second term
When Germany's assaulton the Soviet Union began in June 1941, Finland remained formally neutral until Soviet air raids gave an expected reason to fulfill the invasion plans some days later. Ryti made his famous radio speech after the outbreak of the Continuation War where he announced that Germany would win the war against the Soviet Union: The speech was later used against him at the War-responsibility trials. Afterwards Ryti stated he did not believe Germany would win as a whole but that it...
Attempts at peace negotiations
Ryti wanted the government of Jukka Rangell to continue in office. However, the time had arrived for a "peace government", and it was formed after long negotiations by the chairman of the National Coalition Party, Professor Edwin Linkomies. He started preparations aimed at achieving peace with the Soviet Union in spring 1943. The Patriotic People's Movement was excluded from the government. The Soviet Union's major counter-offensive began on 9 June 1944, in a situation when Finland's relation...
Ryti–Ribbentrop Agreement
At the same time, the German foreign minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in Finland [date missing] on an unexpected visit. He called the Finnish government to commit itself to continue to fight against the Soviet Union. In return he promised military aid. Ryti had wanted parliament to decide on the matter. Mannerheim proposed the sending of a private letter. Finally, Ryti and Mannerheim compromised. The creation of a private letter from Ryti of the kind Mannerheim had envisioned was deal...
War-guilt trials
After Ryti resigned from the presidency, he was reappointed governor of the Bank of Finland. Jukka Rangell stepped aside to clear the way for Ryti. In autumn 1944, he used tough measures, as he had done during the Great Depression ten years earlier, in the nation's monetary policy. The policy was to fight inflation and boost exports. However, in spring 1945 Finnish communists and the Soviet Union demanded he be tried as "responsible for the war". His defence lawyer was the former foreign mini...
Final years
After being freed, Ryti never returned to public life. He concentrated on writing his memoirs but was not successful due to ill health. In 1952, he attended a university students' celebration where he accepted a badge of honour.[citation needed] Although he refused to return to politics, Ryti voted regularly. In May 1956, just five months before his death, he received an honorary doctorate in political science from the Helsinki University. Risto Ryti died in October 1956 and was buried with f...
After the Soviet Union collapsed, Ryti's reputation was publicly, but not officially, restored. The government's position on the propositions for the rehabilitation of Ryti and his fellow convicts has been that an official rehabilitation is unnecessary as the honour of the convicted has never been lost. The idea of annulling the sentences or the ac...
Risto Ryti was a Freemason, but after his prison sentence, was required to give up membership in his lodge, as convicts were barred from membership. He had become a Freemason in 1924, but according to the Finnish Grand Lodge's assistant grand scribe Reijo Ahtokari, he did not very actively participate in Masonic activities. In January 1941, he appo...
Ryti was played by Pertti Sveholm in the 2001 television film Valtapeliä elokuussa 1940, directed by Veli-Matti Saikkonen.
Awards and decorations
1. Finland : Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose(Finland) (1940) 2. Finland : Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose(1936) 3. Finland : Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland(1942) 4. Finland : Grand Cross of the Order of the Cross of Libertywith Swords (1940) 5. Nazi Germany : Order of the German Eaglein Gold with Star (Germany) 6. United Kingdom : Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 7. Kingdom of Hungary : Grand Cross with Collar of the...
- Henrik Ryti, Niilo Ryti, Eva Saxén (née Ryti)
- Kyösti Kallio
- National Progressive
- Gerda Ryti (née Serlachius)
The principal sources: Evening News (a Finnish evening tabloid newspaper), c. December 6th, 2012 - as in the other videos of this "Finnish presidential spou...
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Ryti, Risto. (1889 - 1956) tasavallan presidentti. Hede Foto 1940. Uuden Suomen kuva-arkisto. Risto Ryti loi sotienvälisenä aikana uran talouspoliitikkona ja poliittisena taustavaikuttajana. Hänellä oli laajat kansainväliset suhteet sekä pankkimaailmassa että Kansainliiton organisaatiossa.
9 ott 2006 · Ryti, Gerda(1886 - 1984) tasavallan presidentin puoliso. Gerda Ryti tuli monikulttuurisesta kodista, hän oli saanut koulutuksen kotona ja ulkomailla ja hänellä oli erinomainen kielitaito sekä rikkoutumaton tyylitaju.
