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Ḥarb ibn Umayya ibn ʿAbd Shams (in arabo ; ... – ...; fl. VII secolo) fu il padre di Abu Sufyan e il suocero di Abū Lahab dell'altro clan egemone dei Quraysh di Mecca ai primi del VII secolo .
Ḥarb ibn Umayya ibn ʿAbd Shams (Arabic: حرب بن أمية بن عبد شمس) was the father of Abu Sufyan and Arwa and the son of Umayya ibn Abd Shams. Harb is credited in the Islamic tradition as the first among the Quraysh to write in Arabic and the first to stop consuming wine.
- Unknown
- being the qāʾid of the Meccans
- Safiyya bint Hazn
- Life
- Later Life and Death
- Family and Descendants
- Bibliography
Early life
Abu Sufyan's given name was Sakhr and he was born around c.567 to his father Harb ibn Umayya, a leader of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca, and mother Safiyya bint Hazn ibn Bujayr.[citation needed] The family belonged to the Banu Abd Shams clan of the Quraysh, the brother clan of the Banu Hashim, to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged. Abu Sufyan was among the leaders of the Qurayshi opposition to Muhammad in the years preceding the Hijrah (emigration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecc...
Opposition to Islam
In 624, a caravan Abu Sufyan was leading back to Mecca from Syria faced an assault by Muhammad, prompting him to send for aid. In response, a 1,000-strong Meccan army led by Abu Jahl ibn Hisham was dispatched. In the ensuing confrontation, Abu Sufyan, "by skillful and vigorous leadership eluded the Muslims", according to the historian W. Montgomery Watt. However, under Abu Jahl's command, the Meccans pursued a direct confrontation with the Muslims, which resulted in the rout of the Quraysh at...
Conversion to Islam
Though Abu Sufyan did not participate in the truce negotiations at al-Hudaybiya in 628, he held peace talks with Muhammad in Medina when allies of the Quraysh apparently broke the truce. Information about the results of these talks is unclear, but Watt surmises that Abu Sufyan and Muhammad entered into an understanding of sorts. When Muhammad conquered Mecca in 630, Abu Sufyan played a key role in the city's surrender, being among the first Qurayshi leaders to submit and guaranteeing protecti...
Abu Sufyan was appointed the governor of Najran, in southern Arabia, either by Muhammad or more likely, by the first caliph, Abu Bakr (r. 632–634). He initially opposed the latter's succession of Muhammad as leader of the nascent Muslim state. Abu Sufyan, seeing no hope that a member of the Banu Abd Shams could attain the role, aimed to keep the le...
Abu Sufyan's wife Ṣāfiya bint Abi al-As was the mother of Ramla (Umm Ḥabība) (She first married Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh, by whom she had one daughter, Ḥabība bint Ubayd Allah. After Ubayd Allah's death, she married Muhammad) and Umayma (She first married Huwaytib ibn Abd al-Uzza, by whom she had one son called Abu Sufyan).: 169 Abu Sufyan's son Yazid...
Donner, Fred M. (1981). The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400847877.Guillaume, Alferd (1955). The Life Of Muhammad : A translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-636033-1.Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56181-7.Poonawala, Ismail, ed. (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume IX: The Last Years of the Prophet: The Formation of the State, A.D. 630–632/A.H. 8–11. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, N...- Major leader of the Quraysh tribe
- Al-Baqi Cemetery, Medina
Harb ibn Umayya. Abd Allah ibn Jud'an. Al-Zubayr ibn Abd al-Muttalib. Awwam ibn Khuwaylid †. Hisham ibn al-Mughirah. Abu Bara. The Fijar Wars ( Arabic: حرب الفِجَار, romanized : Ḥarb al-Fījar, lit. 'the Sacrilegious Wars') were a series of battles that took place in the late 6th century mainly between two major tribal ...
- c. late 6th century
26 apr 2022 · Abu Saffiyan ibn Harb leader of the Quraish tribe of Mecca 560-650 and founder of the Ummayad caliphate. Abū Sufyān, Ṣakhr b. Ḥarb b. Umayya b. ʿAbd al-Shams b. ʿAbd Manāf, was one of the famous Arab leaders of the early years of Islam. His kunya is sometimes also given as Abū Ḥanẓala (al-Wāqidī, 2/817; Ibn al-Athīr, 3/12).
Abu Sufyan Sahr b. Harb b. Umayya (d. 31 H/651-52 AD) He was one of the leaders of the tribe of Quraysh; a Companion. He was born in Makkah fifty-seven years before the Migration (565 AD). He is called Abu Hanzala due to his son Hanzala, who was killed in the Battle of Badr.
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Abu Sufyān b. Harb b. Umayyā (d. 653 (AH 32)). A notable Quraysh aristocrat, a wealthy merchant and financier, with hardly any equals in Mecca for intelligence and business acumen. Source for information on Abu Sufyān b. Harb b. Umayyā: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions dictionary.
