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1 giorno fa · Florence was primarily Guelph, papal city state, while Siena was Ghibelline for most of this period. Interestingly, and despite Siena’s side in the national conflict, Martini found much patronage while the Papal Court was in Avignon, which was technically Guelph-controlled. Some other Martini works:
4 giorni fa · Pope Gregory condemned his aggressive policy, but proposed that the Genoese should elect Guelph officials. Ignoring the Pope's proposal, the Genoese made alliance with Alfonso X of Castile, William VII of Montferrat and the Ghibelline towns of Lombardy in October 1273.
- 1246–1285
- Louis VIII of France
- Charles II
- Blanche of Castile
5 giorni fa · Henry VII is no longer a unifying figure in Italy, just simply the leader of the Ghibelline faction. And as such he has to tackle the Guelphs led by the commune of Florence and king Robert of Naples.
4 giorni fa · At times, one of them would gain the upper hand and would thus define the city as either Guelph or Ghibelline. However, these structures and networks are barely referenced in Freed’s book, certainly with nothing of the care and subtlety with which such distinctions were drawn as regards the German part of the empire.
5 giorni fa · Due to its Ghibelline status, Siena went to war against neighbouring Florence, which supported the Pope. Its troops gained a formidable victory against the Florentines at the Battle of Monteperti, on September 4th 1260.
17 ore fa · Art Brooks of Guelph was with the team for the first NHL game – Toronto vs the Montreal Wanderers – played in Montreal on Dec. 19, 1917. The game wasn’t quite what it is now. Forward passing was not allowed. Players were not allowed to kick the puck forward. There were no zones. Teams had to wait for a stoppage in play to change lines.
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