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The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, or simply Poland–Lithuania, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
- 815,000 km² (315,000 sq mi)
- General sejm
Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth. Map showing Russia and Poland in 1595. The Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth was a proposed state that would have been based on a personal union between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Tsardom of Russia. A number of serious attempts by various means to create such ...
The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called the Thirteen Years' War, Muscovite War of 1654-1667 and the First Northern War, was a major conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
DateBattleBelligerentsBelligerents1654165416541654- 1654–1667
- Russian victory, Treaty of Andrusovo
30 mar 2024 · Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, dual Polish-Lithuanian state or “Commonwealth” (Polish: Rzeczpospolita) that was created by the Union of Lublin on July 1, 1569. During its existence it was one of the largest countries in Europe.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
During the 18th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth declined as a political power. Attempts at reform triggered foreign intervention. Following three partitions, the old state ceased to exist. During the first two partitions, in 1772 and 1793, Lithuania lost only lands inhabited by East Slavs.
The Commonwealth covered not only the territories of what is now Poland and Lithuania, but also the entire territory of Belarus and Latvia, large parts of Ukraine and Estonia, and part of present-day western Russia (Smolensk and Kaliningrad oblasts).
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was at the crossroads of three major powers: Austria, Prussia, and Russia. All three of these ambitious nations sought to carve up the vast territory of the Commonwealth. Together, they carved up the region in three distinct partitions in 1772, 1793, and 1795.
