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Hesse was re-unified under Landgrave William II in 1500. The Landgraviate rose to primary importance under his son Philip I , also called Philip the Magnanimous, who embraced Protestantism following the 1526 Synod of Homberg and then took steps to create a protective alliance of Protestant princes and powers against the Catholic ...

Coin of William II, Elector of Hesse, struck 1823 Obverse: (German) WILHELM II, KURF S.L.V. HESSEN G.H.V. FULDA, "Wilhelm II, Kurfurst und Sovereigner Landgrave von Hessen, Gross Herzog von Fulda " in English: "William II, Elector and Sovereign Landgrave of Hesse, Grand Duke of Fulda." Reverse: (German) EINEN THALER, in English: "One ...

William II (29 April 1469 – 11 July 1509) was Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1493 and Landgrave of Upper Hesse after the death of his cousin, William III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse in 1500. William II is also called "William the Middle" to distinguish him from his elder brother " William I the Elder", and his cousin " William III, the Younger".

Founder of the Order of the Seraphim and the Order of the Sword and the Order of the Polar Star in 1748. Married firstly Luise Dorothea of Prussia (1680 – 1705) daughter of Frederick I, King in Prussia and secondly Ulrika Eleonora (1688 – 1741) Queen regnant of Sweden. William VIII (1682 – 1760) Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel

William I, Elector of Hesse (German: Wilhelm I., Kurfürst von Hessen; 3 June 1743 – 27 February 1821) was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II .