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6 dic 2023 · This chapter focuses on the varieties of media of the so-called Northern Renaissance, especially the invention of printing methods around 1450 that allowed pictures to be produced in multiples rather than one at a time.
- Summary of Northern European Renaissance
- Key Ideas & Accomplishments
- Beginnings of Northern European Renaissance
- Northern European Renaissance: Concepts, Styles, and Trends
- Later Developments - After Northern European Renaissance
The Northern European Renaissance began around 1430 when artist Jan van Eyck began to borrow the Italian Renaissance techniques of linear perspective, naturalistic observation, and a realistic figurative approach for his paintings. As other artists from Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the Low Countries began to incorporate these influences into ...
The Protestant Reformation extolled the virtues of man's ability to maintain a direct connection with God without the medium of church bureaucracy or figurehead, but rather an independent relations...Rather than draw upon Classical Greek and Roman aestheticslike their Italian counterparts, Northern European Renaissance artists retained a Gothic sensibility carried over from woodblock printing a...The popularity of printmaking in Northern Europe at the time allowed images to be mass produced and widely available to the public. Thus, the Protestant church was able to bring their theology to t...With the times' departure from idealized artworks, Northern European artists ingeniously spurred a slew of new genre paintings that emphasized common scenes and subjects with a more moralistic glan...The Italian Renaissance
The Mannerist Italian artist Giorgio Vasari first used the term rinascita, meaning rebirth, to define the Italian Renaissance in his The Lives of the Artists (1550). He saw the era as a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman aesthetics and ideals following the more staid Gothic era. However, the term "Renaissance" from the French came into widespread usage only following its first appearance in the historian Jules Michelet's Histoire de France(1855). The artworks of the Italian Renaissance and...
Illuminated Manuscripts and The Limbourgh Brothers
The International Gothic style of manuscript illumination represented the pinnacle of a long tradition. During the medieval period most books had been rare manuscripts, made by hand with vellum pages that contained brightly inked illustrations accentuated with gold and silver, which appeared "illuminated." Made by monks in scriptoriums, these manuscripts were primarily religious, including Bibles like the noted The Book of Durrow (650-700) or The Book of Kells (c. 800). Later volumes included...
Robert Campin
Influenced by the Limbourg brothers, Robert Campin became the first noted master of Flemish painting. He pioneered the use of oil painting that characterized the North European Renaissance. Only a handful of works can be certainly attributed to him, as he seldom signed his work, a common practice in the Middle Ages. As subsequent scholarship has identified him as the Master of Flémalle, his masterwork is considered to be the Mérode Altarpiece(1427). Like most International Gothic artists, he...
Humanism
Valuing classical Greek and Roman texts and emphasizing individual man's importance in the world on his own accord, Humanismwas a dominant trend in Northern Europe. The new printing technology made possible the wide dissemination of works by leading thinkers such as the Dutch Desiderius Erasmus and the German Conrad Celtis. A classical scholar and Catholic priest, Erasmus was known as the "Prince of the Humanists." His work was wide-ranging, including new translations from Greek and Latin of...
Prints and Engravings
The genius of the Northern European Renaissance was most notably expressed in print-making. Drawing upon a Northern tradition of woodblock prints, and exploiting the new technology of the printing press, artists like Bruegel, Hans Holbein the Elder, Lucas Cranach the Elder, and Albrecht Dürer, created masterworks in the medium (each of these artists succeeded in masterly paintings as well). Dürer revolutionized the potential of print making as an independent medium for art, developing its dra...
Portraits
Portraiture was an economic mainstay for many Northern European artists, and the mastery of oil painting allowed for artistic virtuosity, precise realism, and psychological portrayals (there is a reason why Willem de Kooning in the 20th century famously said "Flesh is the reason oil painting was invented"). Rogier van der Weyden, Petrus Christus, Hans Holbein the Younger, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Hans Memling, Jan van Eyck, and Albrecht Dürer were all noted portraitists. The masterworks of Va...
The Northern European Renaissance ended around 1580, primarily due to the outbreak of the Eighty Years War in 1568 as the Lowland countries fought for independence and religious freedom from the Spanish Hapsburg government. It might also be said that the heart of the movement stopped when Pieter Bruegel the Elder died in 1569. The war lasted until ...
In the sixteenth century, printmakers in northern Europe and Italy capitalized on that interest by making colored woodblock prints known as chiaroscuro woodcuts because they imitate the appearance of chiaroscuro drawings.
24 nov 2022 · The invention of the printing press by German Johannes Gutenberg (1400-1468) in around 1440 led to the production of thousands of woodcuts in Northern Europe. Woodcuts were in demand for illustrating books printed in movable type. This was efficient as both the text and the woodcuts required the same type of press.
Northern Italian Renaissance Painting; Northern Mannerism in the Early Sixteenth Century; The Nude in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance; Poets, Lovers, and Heroes in Italian Mythological Prints; Portraiture in Renaissance and Baroque Europe; The Printed Image in the West: Etching; The Rediscovery of Classical Antiquity
27 nov 2022 · Past Exhibition. July 3 – November 27, 2022. West Building, Ground Floor, Gallery 22. The region of northern Europe today known as Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, and the Netherlands experienced momentous social, political, and artistic transformation from 1450 through the early 1600s, a time now called the Northern Renaissance.
Some of the most important changes in northern Europe include the: invention of the printing press, c. 1450. advent of mechanically reproducible media such as woodcuts and engravings. formation of a merchant class of art patrons that purchased works in oil on panel.
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